Herpes Simplex I virus impairs regenerative outcomes of periodontal regenerative therapy in intrabony defects. A pilot study.
J Clin Periodontol. 2012 Jan 7;
Authors: Bertoldi C, Pellacani C, Lalla M, Consolo U, Pinti M, Cortellini P, Cossarizza A
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the impact of herpesvirus type-1 and -2 on the clinical outcomes of periodontal regenerative procedures in isolated deep intrabony pockets, in an experimental population with no detectable periodontal pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen periodontal intraosseous defects in 17 moderate-to-advanced periodontitis patients were treated with regenerative therapy and amelogenins. Microbiological evaluation was performed at baseline (after the completion of initial therapy) and at 1 year to exclude the presence of periodontal pathogens. Herpesviruses-1 and -2 DNA were quantified in the pocket tissues associated to the intrabony defect using molecular assays. Clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD) and gingival recession (REC) were recorded at baseline and at 1 year. RESULTS: After 1 year, the 17 defects resulted in significant CAL gain, PPD reduction and REC increase. HSV-1 was detected in five patients. Herpesvirus-2 was never found. The two subpopulations positive or negative to herpesvirus-1 were homogeneous at baseline. At 1 year, the five herpesvirus-1 positive patients resulted in lower amounts of CAL-gain and PPD reduction and greater amount of REC with respect to the 12 herpesvirus-1 negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of herpesvirus-1 at baseline is associated with poor clinical outcomes following regenerative therapy.
PMID: 22292785 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, oral health and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
J Clin Periodontol. 2012 Jan 7;
Authors: Zhou X, Han J, Song Y, Zhang J, Wang Z
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the associations of serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels with periodontal health and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 193 COPD patients and 181 controls. Their periodontal status and lung function were examined, and serum 25(OH)D levels were measured. RESULTS: Mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly lower in the COPD group than in the controls (32.1 versus 35.8 nmol/l; p = 0.002). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were positively correlated with lung function among non-smokers and negatively correlated with plaque index (PLI) among former smokers. After adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, season and smoking status, periodontal indexes were significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations (number of remaining teeth among all groups; probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding index, PLI and alveolar bone loss among COPD group). Lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly associated with an increased risk of COPD among former smokers (Odd ratio 4.11; 95% confidence interval 1.47-11.5; p = 0.007) after adjustment for periodontal indexes and other variables. CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly associated with poor periodontal health and an increased risk of COPD.
PMID: 22296704 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Full-mouth disinfection and systemic antimicrobial therapy in generalized aggressive periodontitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
J Clin Periodontol. 2012 Jan 4;
Authors: Aimetti M, Romano F, Guzzi N, Carnevale G
Abstract
AIM: The present investigation aimed to analyse clinical and microbiological effects of systemic administration of metronidazole and amoxicillin combined with the One-Stage-Full-Mouth-Disinfection protocol (OSFMD) in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients (G-AgP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine systemically healthy patients with G-AgP were consecutively included. The test group (n = 19) received amoxicillin-metronidazole combination (500 mg of each, three times a day for 7 days) and the OSFMD, the control group (n = 20) received the OSFMD and a placebo. In addition to clinical parameters subgingival plaque samples from moderate (4-5 mm) and deep (≥6 mm) pocket sites were analysed for the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Both therapies led to a statistically significant decrease in clinical and microbiological parameters compared to baseline (p < 0.001). The most beneficial changes were observed in the test group which showed significantly greater improvements in probing depth and clinical attachment level and a lower prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia compared to the control one (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Systemic administration of metronidazole and amoxicillin as an adjunct to OSFMD therapy significantly improved clinical and microbiological outcomes in patients with G-AgP over a 6-month period.
PMID: 22220822 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Common genetic risk variants of TLR2 are not associated with periodontitis in large European case-control populations.
J Clin Periodontol. 2012 Jan 18;
Authors: Richter GM, Graetz C, Pohler P, Nothnagel M, Dommisch H, Laine ML, Folwaczny M, Noack B, Eickholz P, Groessner-Schreiber B, Jepsen S, Loos BG, Schreiber S, Schaefer AS
Abstract
AIM: Involvement of TLR2 in the pathophysiology of periodontitis has widely been discussed, but hitherto, no validated genetic associations were reported. Previous association studies lacked sufficient statistical power and adequate haplotype information to draw unambiguous conclusions. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate TLR2 linkage disequilibrium (LD) regions for their potential associations with periodontitis in two large analysis populations of aggressive (AgP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) of North West European descent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population comprised 598 AgP patients, 914 CP patients and 1804 healthy controls. Analysis of TLR2 LD regions was performed with haplotype tagging SNPs (tagSNPs) using SNPlex and TaqMan genotyping assays. Genotypic, dominant, multiplicative, and recessive genetic models were tested. The genotypes were adjusted for the covariates smoking, diabetes, and gender. Resequencing was performed by Sanger technology. RESULTS: Upon covariate adjustment and correction for multiple testing, no tagSNPs showed significant associations with AgP or CP. Targeted resequencing of exon 3 in 47 AgP cases identified carriership of two common and three rare variants. CONCLUSION: Common LD regions of TLR2 do not show genetic associations with periodontitis in the North West European population. Resequencing of exon 3 could not identify disease-associated rare variants in TLR2.
PMID: 22251071 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Involvement of nitrosative stress in experimental periodontitis in diabetic rats.
J Clin Periodontol. 2012 Jan 26;
Authors: Nishikawa T, Naruse K, Kobayashi Y, Miyajima S, Mizutani M, Kikuchi T, Soboku K, Nakamura N, Sokabe A, Tosaki T, Hata M, Ohno N, Noguchi T, Matsubara T
Abstract
AIM: Periodontal disease is highly prevalent and severe in diabetic patients, and is considered one of the diabetic complications. To elucidate how periodontitis progresses in diabetes, we examined an animal model of periodontitis in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two weeks after the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin, surgical nylon thread was ligated around the cervical portion of the unilateral maxillary second molar to induce periodontitis. Periodontitis was evaluated 2 weeks after the ligation by gingival blood flow, mRNA expressions, Western blot analysis, histological examination and micro CT. RESULTS: Ligation-induced severe periodontitis in the diabetic rats, which was apparently shown by the increase of TNF-α and iNOS mRNA expressions and inflammatory cell infiltration in the gingiva and alveolar bone loss. The number of nitrotyrosine, a footprint of nitrosative stress, -positive cells was significantly higher in the periodontitis of the diabetic rats compared with that in the normal rats. Western blot analysis confirmed that the nitrotyrosine was increased in the periodontitis of the diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to confirm increased nitrosative stress due to periodontitis in diabetic rats. Nitrosative stress may play a crucial role in the exacerbation of periodontitis in diabetic patients.
PMID: 22276937 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Overweight and obesity predict time to periodontal disease progression in men.
J Clin Periodontol. 2011 Dec 12;
Authors: Gorman A, Kaye EK, Apovian C, Fung TT, Nunn M, Garcia RI
Abstract
AIMS: To examine whether overweight and obesity indicators – body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and WC-to-height ratio – predict progression of periodontal disease in men. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants were 1038 medically healthy, non-Hispanic, white males in the VA Dental Longitudinal Study who were monitored with triennial oral and medical examinations between 1969 and 1996. Periodontal disease progression in an individual was defined as having two or more teeth advance to levels of alveolar bone loss ≥40%, probing pocket depth ≥5 mm, or clinical attachment loss ≥5 mm after baseline. Extended Cox regression analyses estimated hazards of experiencing periodontal disease progression events due to overweight/obesity status, controlling for age, smoking, education, diabetes, recent periodontal treatment, recent prophylaxis, and number of filled/decayed surfaces. RESULTS: Body mass index and WC-to-height ratio were significantly associated with hazards of experiencing periodontal disease progression events regardless of periodontal disease indicator. Adjusted hazard ratios for periodontal disease progression were 41-72% higher in obese men (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2) ) relative to men with both normal weight and WC-to-height ratio (≤50%). CONCLUSION: Both overall obesity and central adiposity are associated with an increased hazards of periodontal disease progression events in men.
PMID: 22150475 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mapping biological to clinical phenotypes during the development (21 days) and resolution (21 days) of experimental gingivitis.
J Clin Periodontol. 2011 Dec 12;
Authors: Scott AE, Milward M, Linden GJ, Matthews JB, Carlile MJ, Lundy FT, Naeeni MA, Lorraine Martin S, Walker B, Kinane D, Brock GR, Chapple IL
Abstract
AIM: To characterize and map temporal changes in the biological and clinical phenotype during a 21-day experimental gingivitis study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental gingivitis was induced over 21 days in healthy human volunteers (n = 56), after which normal brushing was resumed (resolution phase). Gingival and plaque indices were assessed. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from four paired test and contra-lateral control sites in each volunteer during induction (Days 0, 7, 14 and 21) and resolution (Days 28 and 42) of experimental gingivitis. Fluid volumes were measured and a single analyte was quantified from each site-specific, 30s sample. Data were evaluated by analysis of repeated measurements and paired sample tests. RESULTS: Clinical indices and gingival crevicular fluid volumes at test sites increased from Day 0, peaking at Day 21 (test/control differences all p < 0.0001) and decreased back to control levels by Day 28. Levels of four inflammatory markers showed similar patterns, with significant differences between test and control apparent at Day 7 (substance P, cathepsin G, interleukin-1β, elastase: all p < 0.03) and peaking at Day 21 (all p < 0.002). Levels of α-1-antitrypsin showed no pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of substance P, cathepsin G, interleukin-1β and neutrophil elastase act as objective biomarkers of gingival inflammation induction and resolution that typically precede phenotypical changes.
PMID: 22150525 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Perceived behavioural control and coping planning predict dental brushing behaviour among Iranian adolescents.
J Clin Periodontol. 2011 Dec 12;
Authors: Pakpour AH, Sniehotta FF
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of this prospective study was to test the role of the direct predictors in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), perceived behavioural control (PBC) and intention as well as action planning and coping planning as predictors of changes in dental brushing behaviour among Iranian adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One thousand students were selected from 57 high schools in Qazvin, IR Iran. N = 983 participants completed an initial questionnaire at Time 1 and they were asked to complete a follow-up questionnaire 1 month later (Time 2). At Time 1, PBC, behavioural intention, action planning and coping planning were assessed. Dental brushing behaviour was assessed both at Time 1 and 4 weeks later at Time 2. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine the predictive validity of PBC, intention, action planning and coping planning both, as main effects and as interactions on dental brushing behaviour. RESULTS: Past behaviour, gender and age explained 46.5% of the variance in dental brushing at Time 2 in step 1. Adding intention to brush, PBC, action planning and coping planning in the second and third step explained an additional 24.9% of the variance in dental brushing at Time 2. Adding the interactions terms for action planning × coping planning, action planning × PBC and coping planning × PBC further increased the predictive validity of the model by 6.00% over and above the main effects. CONCLUSION: Intentions, PBC, action planning and coping planning are predictive variables for oral self-care behaviour. This finding suggests that an intervention simultaneously targeting PBC, action planning and coping planning might be particularly promising to promote oral self-care in adolescence.
PMID: 22150555 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Spontaneous progression of experimental peri-implantitis at implants with different surface characteristics: An experimental study in dogs.
J Clin Periodontol. 2011 Dec 4;
Authors: Albouy JP, Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T
Abstract
AIM: To analyse spontaneous progression of ligature-induced peri-implantitis at implants with different surface characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four implants with similar geometry and with two different surface characteristics (turned/TiUnite; Nobel Biocare AB) were placed pairwise in one side of the mandible in five dogs, 3 months after tooth extraction. Experimental peri-implantitis was initiated by placement of ligatures and plaque formation. The ligatures were removed when about 40% of the supporting bone was lost. After 6 months, block biopsies were obtained and prepared for histological analysis. RESULTS: The amount of bone loss that occurred during the plaque accumulation period after ligature removal was significantly larger at implants with a TiUnite surface than at implants with a turned surface. The histological analysis revealed that the vertical dimensions of the lesion and the pocket epithelium and the apical extension of the biofilm were significantly larger at TiUnite implants than at turned implants. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the implant surface characteristics influence progression of peri-implantitis.
PMID: 22136592 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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